亞馬遜歐洲平臺開店，需要注意哪些稅務(wù)和法規(guī)問題（4）-ESG跨境

玩具和游戲

除其他規(guī)定外，《歐盟玩具安全指令》還要求：在可預(yù)見的正常使用期限內(nèi)，玩具不得對人的健康或安全構(gòu)成任何危害。您也可以在商品上標(biāo)注警示，指出正確的使用方法和使用限制。

其他資源

從簡單的繃帶到最精密的生命維持產(chǎn)品，都在醫(yī)療器械的范疇內(nèi)。如果您的商品屬于醫(yī)療器械，則需要遵守《歐盟醫(yī)療器械指令》。該指令中的一項規(guī)定要求：醫(yī)療器械不得在正確植入、維護(hù)和使用時對病人、用戶或其他人的安全和健康造成危害。

其他資源

歐洲各國對于藥品和化妝品頒布了各種法規(guī)，包括對貼標(biāo)和包裝都有特殊要求。相關(guān)法規(guī)并未協(xié)調(diào)統(tǒng)一。例如：在有些歐盟國家作為非處方藥銷售的商品，在其他歐洲國家則有法律規(guī)定只能在藥店銷售。

歐洲對于食品和食用商品有許多法規(guī)限制。歐洲食品法規(guī)尤其致力建立食品和食用商品衛(wèi)生、動物檢疫與安全以及植物檢疫的嚴(yán)格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并防止外部物質(zhì)帶來的污染風(fēng)險。

歐洲食品法規(guī)還包括：

• 規(guī)定了食品商品的正確貼標(biāo)規(guī)則。通常，商品的貼標(biāo)語言要求與商品銷售地的歐盟成員國所使用的語言一致。

• 多個歐盟成員國制定了飲料包裝強(qiáng)制退還和回收計劃。

更多詳細(xì)信息，您可以通過以下鏈接查詢：

More： 請參閱英國進(jìn)口商品限制列表。

消費(fèi)者權(quán)利

請注意，此處介紹的這些消費(fèi)者權(quán)利僅供說明之用，不構(gòu)成任何法律建議，也不能替代您與亞馬遜或直接與消費(fèi)者之間達(dá)成的任何合同義務(wù)。

取消權(quán)利

除一些例外情況外，如果歐盟的買家一次性在線購買了多件商品，但是每件商品單獨(dú)發(fā)貨，則買家有權(quán)在收到訂單中最后一件商品后的 14 天內(nèi)取消購買訂單中的任一件商品。即使您沒有任何過錯，也必須對此商品辦理退款并承擔(dān)運(yùn)費(fèi)。您無須退回所有費(fèi)用，除非下列任何一種情況屬實：

1. 您有過錯。

2. 您同意為買家承擔(dān)所有費(fèi)用。

3. 您未向買家披露或告知您根據(jù)法律應(yīng)向其披露的費(fèi)用。

例如，您必須向買家退回普通運(yùn)費(fèi)，但不退回買家選擇的服務(wù)所產(chǎn)生的任何額外費(fèi)用，例如，加急配送費(fèi)或禮品包裝費(fèi)。同樣，如果您明確告知買家，則您無須承擔(dān)向您返回商品的費(fèi)用。

請注意，這些消費(fèi)者權(quán)利是您與亞馬遜達(dá)成（例如 30 天退貨保證）或直接與消費(fèi)者達(dá)成的合約性退貨權(quán)利之外的附加權(quán)利。

其他資源

根據(jù)歐盟消費(fèi)者保護(hù)規(guī)則，商品賣家在歐盟銷售時必須提供 2 年法律保證。這意味著，在商品送達(dá)后的 2 年內(nèi)，您必須對有缺陷的商品進(jìn)行維修、更換或賠償。大部分歐盟成員國會假定商品送達(dá)后 6 個月內(nèi)出現(xiàn)的任何明顯缺陷為在送達(dá)時既已存在，因此您必須負(fù)責(zé)維修、更換或賠償。6 個月后，在大多數(shù)歐盟成員國境內(nèi)（法國除外），您可以要求買家證明商品在送達(dá)時已存在缺陷。您可以在以下歐盟委員會鏈接中找到有關(guān)法律保證的更多信息。

您除了有義務(wù)根據(jù)亞馬遜處理買家退貨之外，還應(yīng)履行本法律保證義務(wù)。

Toys

The European Toys Safety Directive requires, among others things, that it must be possible to use a toy without any danger to one's health or safety during the toy's foreseeable and normal period of use. You may also be required to place warnings on the products that specify the appropriate conditions and limitations of use.

Europe	The safety of toys	English
United Kingdom	DTI Toy Safety	English
Germany	BMEL - Product Safety	English
Sicheres Spielzeug	German
France	La sécurité des jouets	French
Italy	Ministry of Health on Toys	Italian
Spain	La Asociación Espa?ola de Fabricantes de Juguetes (AEFJ)	Spanish

Medical devices

Medical devices range from simple products like bandages to the most sophisticated life-supporting products. If your product is considered a medical device, you may be subject to the European Medical Devices Directive. The Directive requires, among other things, that medical devices shall not compromise the safety and health of patients, or users and other persons when properly implanted, maintained, and used.

Other resources

Europe	Summaries of European Legislation	English
Medical devices	English
United Kingdom	Healthcare and medical: international trade regulations	English
Germany	BFARM - Medical Devices	English
France	ANSM: dispositifs médicaux	French
Italy	Informazioni generali sugli avvisi di sicurezza - FSN (Field Safety Notice)	Italian
Spain	AEMPS-Medical Devices	Spanish

Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics are subject to various regulations in Europe, including special labeling and packaging requirements. The regulations are only partially harmonized. For example, a product may be sold over-the-counter in some European member states, while in others it may only be legally sold in pharmacies.

Other resources

Europe	Pharmaceutical and cosmetic products	English
Cosmetics	English
United Kingdom	Regulating Medicines and Medical Devices	English
Germany	BFARM - Medicinal Products	English
Bundesministerium für Gesundheit - Arzneimitteldaten Zentral und Transparent	German
France	ANSM: produits cosmétiques	French
ANSM: medicaments	French
Italy	Informazioni generali sugli avvisi di sicurezza - FSN (Field Safety Notice)	Italian
Spain	Plan de Calidad para el Sistema Nacional de Salud	Spanish

Food

Food and food products are subject to many regulations in Europe. European food regulations in particular aim at establishing high-quality standards for food and food product hygiene, animal health and welfare, and plant health, and prevent the risk of contamination from external substances.

European food regulations include, among many other things, the following:

• Specifying rules on appropriate labeling for food products. Often product labeling is required to be in the language of the European member state where the product is sold.

• Establishing mandatory refund and recycling schemes for beverage packaging in several European member states.

You can find more information at the following links:

Other resources

Europe	Europa: Food Safety	English
Europa: Health and Consumers - Food	English
European Food Safety Authority	English
United Kingdom	Food Standards Agency	English
Germany	FMFA - Food	English
BLL - Kennzeichnung	German
France	ANSES	French
DGCCRF	French
Italy	Alimenti	Italian
Spain	Alimentación	Spanish

More: See a list of restricted products for import into the United Kingdom.

Please note that these consumer rights are described for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute any legal advice or substitute for any contractual obligation that you may have agreed upon with Amazon or directly with the consumer.

With some exceptions, consumers in the European Union have the right to cancel a purchase of a product bought online within 14 days of receiving the final item of the order, if they purchased multiple items together that were delivered separately. Even when there is no error from your side, you must refund the item and the shipping costs. You may not have to refund all costs unless one of the following is true:

1. There is an error on your side.

2. You agreed to bear all costs for the consumer.

3. You failed to disclose or inform the customer about the costs that you are legally required to disclose.

For example, you must refund the normal cost of sending the item to the consumer but not any extra costs for services that the customer chooses, such as expedited delivery or gift-wrapping. Similarly, when you expressly inform the consumer, you don't have to bear the cost of returning the product to you.

Please note that these consumer rights are in addition to any contractual return rights that you may have agreed upon with Amazon (e.g. 30-day return guarantee) or directly with the consumer.

Other resources

Europe	The Directive on Consumer Rights	English
United Kingdom	UK online and distance selling for business	English
Germany	Verbrauchortal	German
France	Loi consommation : e-commerce	French
Achat à distance: droit de rétractation du consommateur
Italy	Decalogue on consumer rights	Italian
Consumer rights information materials
Spain	Derechos básicos de los consumidores	Spanish

Under EU consumer protection rules, the seller of a product must offer a 2-year Legal Warranty when selling in the EU. This means that, during the period of 2 years from the delivery of the product, you must repair, exchange or reimburse a defective product. In most EU countries, any defect that becomes apparent within 6 months from delivery is presumed to have existed at the time of delivery and therefore you must repair, exchange or reimburse it. After 6 months, in most EU countries (France excluded), you can request the customer to prove that the defect already existed at the time of delivery. You can find more information regarding the Legal Warranty in the following link from the European Commission.

This Legal Warranty obligation is in addition to your obligation to process customer returns according to Amazon Return Policy.

Other resources

Europe	Sales and Guarantees	English
United Kingdom	UK online and distance selling for business	English
Germany	Verbrauchortal	German
France	Achat à distance: livraison du bien ou exécution de la prestation	French
Garantie légale de conformité
Italy	Guidelines on legal warranty	Italian
Spain	Derechos básicos de los consumidores	Spanish

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